拱板設備之(zhi)大跨度拱形鋼結(jie)構主拱吊裝(zhuang)及拱形屋面安(an)裝(zhuang)
1.分段(duan)及吊機的選擇
根據施工(gong)現場的(de)實際情況，結合(he)鋼(gang)(gang)構件的(de)總重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)，進行吊裝機械(xie)的(de)選(xuan)擇及分(fen)(fen)段數量(liang)(liang)。
首(shou)先考慮(lv)吊裝機械(xie)的(de)一般起重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)，工(gong)作半徑，并結合(he)鋼(gang)(gang)無梁拱(gong)總重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)，底部混(hun)凝土柱的(de)柱距(ju)等，確定(ding)鋼(gang)(gang)無梁拱(gong)分(fen)(fen)段數量(liang)(liang)及尺寸，根據單體重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)最大時(shi)的(de)起重(zhong)參(can)數，進行吊機的(de)選(xuan)擇。
2.拱形(xing)屋(wu)面安裝(zhuang)總體流(liu)程：
1)首先(xian)進(jin)行鋼柱及鋼柱之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)連(lian)梁(liang)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)形(xing)屋(wu)面安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，2)為(wei)了使屋(wu)面結構形(xing)成穩(wen)定的(de)(de)體(ti)系(xi)，所以對(dui)兩端第二(er)段中間(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)行拱(gong)(gong)(gong)形(xing)屋(wu)面安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，并進(jin)行兩端屋(wu)面梁(liang)和鋼柱的(de)(de)拼裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)形(xing)屋(wu)面安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，同時(shi)對(dui)兩端屋(wu)面梁(liang)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)連(lian)梁(liang)和水平剪刀支撐進(jin)行拱(gong)(gong)(gong)形(xing)屋(wu)面安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)
2.5、卸荷(he)
1.總體思路
在卸(xie)(xie)荷(he)前，整個鋼結構荷(he)載(zai)分別由鋼柱、支(zhi)撐架及主(zhu)(zhu)拱(gong)承擔，卸(xie)(xie)載(zai)時支(zhi)撐架上所承受(shou)(shou)的(de)荷(he)載(zai)逐(zhu)漸過(guo)(guo)度(du)到(dao)鋼柱和主(zhu)(zhu)拱(gong)上，最(zui)終形(xing)(xing)成穩定(ding)的(de)承載(zai)體系(xi)。卸(xie)(xie)載(zai)過(guo)(guo)程是使屋蓋(gai)系(xi)統緩慢協同(tong)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)受(shou)(shou)力(li)的(de)過(guo)(guo)程,此時整個屋蓋(gai)系(xi)統的(de)內力(li)重新(xin)分布,并逐(zhu)漸過(guo)(guo)度(du)到(dao)設(she)計狀態。在卸(xie)(xie)載(zai)時應遵循“變形(xing)(xing)協調(diao)、卸(xie)(xie)載(zai)均衡”的(de)原則,采用從中間(jian)(jian)向(xiang)兩邊逐(zhu)步卸(xie)(xie)荷(he)的(de)施工(gong)方案,先卸(xie)(xie)載(zai)中間(jian)(jian)拱(gong)的(de)支(zhi)撐架，卸(xie)(xie)完后再進(jin)行主(zhu)(zhu)拱(gong)的(de)卸(xie)(xie)荷(he)，兩榀主(zhu)(zhu)拱(gong)應同(tong)時由中間(jian)(jian)向(xiang)兩端(duan)進(jin)行。
2.卸(xie)荷具(ju)體(ti)施工過程：
1)在(zai)(zai)主拱(gong)下各支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)架的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)H型(xing)鋼梁(liang)上(shang)(shang)設臵(ge)型(xing)號為QL50的(de)(de)(de)(de)50噸螺(luo)旋(xuan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)，支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)點上(shang)(shang)設臵(ge)一個。
2)在(zai)(zai)每(mei)個螺(luo)旋(xuan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部利用Φ219的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼管(guan)做套筒(tong)，再在(zai)(zai)鋼管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部做與(yu)拱(gong)架角度(du)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)托做為臨時支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。
3)調節(jie)螺(luo)栓千(qian)(qian)(qian)斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度(du)，使支(zhi)托支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)拱(gong)架的(de)(de)(de)(de)底(di)部，頂(ding)(ding)(ding)緊(jin)(jin)到(dao)位。4)在(zai)(zai)每(mei)根(gen)H型(xing)梁(liang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)落位處設臵(ge)鋼板(ban)卡(ka)碼，固定千(qian)(qian)(qian)斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)，防止千(qian)(qian)(qian)斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)H型(xing)鋼梁(liang)上(shang)(shang)滑(hua)落和失穩，5)待所(suo)有支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)點上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)臨時千(qian)(qian)(qian)斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)到(dao)位、頂(ding)(ding)(ding)緊(jin)(jin)后，按照(zhao)從中間到(dao)兩邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)順序逐(zhu)漸拆(chai)除原(yuan)臨時的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，讓主拱(gong)逐(zhu)步(bu)落位在(zai)(zai)千(qian)(qian)(qian)斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)支(zhi)托上(shang)(shang)。
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